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Watching the UNFCCC livestream |
UN Local weather Change conferences are reknowned for working extensively into extra time with final minute negotiations to attempt to salvage a manner ahead by way of the consensus course of. This one was no completely different with a Saturday afternoon ending.
Draft texts are issued, debated, watered down, reissued, debated and additional watered down till sufficient compromise has been achieved for consensus. Sometimes some new ambition could sneak in, however usually its a dilution of motion. It is a powerful course of, particularly when urgency and ambition is required, which empowers international locations with vested pursuits in sustaining fossil gasoline manufacturing.
Australia has taken benefit of this course of previously, reminiscent of when the Australian delegation threatened to stroll out in 1997 at closing stage of negotiations except a particular clause on land use emissions was inserted. We acquired our manner and a particular clause was created particularly referred to as the Australia clause which allowed us to extend our emissions by 8 p.c whereas all different international locations had commitments to cut back emissions.
Through the closing days of this negotiation course of, Small island states and plenty of growing international locations gave up within the spirt of compromise on the Glasgow Loss and Harm Facility to get replaced by a imprecise Dialogue throughout 2022 as a part of Draft texts model 3, however they weren’t comfortable about this. However the truth there have been different areas of ambition within the total deal and they’re struggling now from local weather impacts, made them decide to consensus.
However in the course of the dialogue India, Iran, Nigeria and China objected to the wording round coal and inefficient fossil gasoline sibsidies part out. The stocktaking plenary was adjourned and huddles reformed.
Australia really had accepted the deal that included a name for “accelerating efforts in the direction of the phase-out of unabated coal energy and inefficient fossil gasoline subsidies.” That they had already efficiently lobbied with others to melt the textual content with these two adjectives: unabated and inefficient.
When the plenary restarted India proposed asking to vary language to “part down” coal as a substitute of “part out”. Switzerland, Europe, Mexico, Marshall Islands and Fiji all expressed profound disappointment at this proposed change, and questioned this as a non-transparent course of. Switzerland obtained overwhelming applause.
Essentially the most eloquent assertion got here from the Marshall Islands:
“On behalf of the Marshall Islands I want to learn into the report our profound disappointment with the change within the language on coal from part out to part down. I ask that this be mirrored within the report of this assembly. This dedication on coal had been a shiny spot on this bundle. It was one of many issues we have been hoping to hold out of right here, again house with delight, and it hurts deeply to see that shiny spot dim. We settle for this alteration with the best reluctance. We accomplish that solely, and I actually need to stress solely, as a result of there are essential parts of this bundle that individuals in my nation want, as a lifeline for his or her future. Thankyou.
Fiji mentioned “we have been informed 2 days in the past that we couldn’t add Loss and Harm language as a result of it was “final minute”, now new language on coal has been added 2 minutes earlier than adoption of the textual content. A “phase-down” has no demonstrable measures to observe the top of coal.”
The response really put COP President Alok Sharma into tears for a second, as he mentioned, “I’m actually sorry about how this course of has unfolded. It is usually important that we efficiently conclude this bundle”
That is going to result in a a lot larger push subsequent yr for Loss and Harm implementation and finance, at COP27, which has been lengthy delayed at these conferences.
Antigua and Barbuda talking on behalf of AOSIS commented that they “want to take notice that we anticipate to see the event of a Loss and Harm facility by COP27.” Venezuela added that they “want to take up the problem of unilateral measures in subsequent COPs”.
There was cheering within the American delegation and round different sections of the Plenary corridor as the choice on Article 6 on carbon markets was gavelled, putting in this necessary a part of the Paris Settlement rulebook, though it appears there are already recognized problems with integrity with the principles handed.
Learn my weblog on the assessment of outcomes from the Glasgow Climate Pact.
You’ll be able to observe the movement of the diplomatic huddles and statements within the tweet thread beneath:
Negotiations on a positive wire in convention extra time
In line with Bevan Shields in SMH, “Disagreement focuses on three key areas: emissions discount pledges, compensation and monetary assist for weak growing nations, and the design of a voluntary worldwide carbon market.”
Some feedback gleaned from Richie Merzian (Australia Institute) and others on Draft texts Model 3:
- Maintains phaseout of unabated coal and inefficient fossil gasoline subsidies recognizing the necessity for help in the direction of a simply transition;(+)
- international locations could be “requested” to replace their pledges in 2022. CMA textual content nonetheless requests international locations come to the following spherical of talks with strengthened 2030 targets (with particular reference to these international locations that did not deliver up to date targets to Glasgow).(+)
- Glasgow Loss and Harm facility eliminated, to a lot civil society anger (CAN) changed by a dialogue (extra blah, blah, blah). Richie Merzian thinks “unsure sufficient Events will maintain up Plenary and the entire bundle if it comes right down to it”(-)
- Underneath the present textual content Events are requested to deliver again higher targets for 2030. Nevertheless it would not mandate that these targets align with 1.5 levels, as a substitute it makes use of previous language which is weaker.(-)
- “Model 3 of the protecting textual content appears to be like like it’s firming up right into a closing – hope issues will wrap this afternoon. Much less prone to transfer on coal part out, ambition, finance. Nonetheless large calls wanted on markets”
- The true flashpoint is round markets, Whether or not the framework is tight sufficient to make sure integrity, keep away from double counting, keep away from the import of hotair and the creation of non-additional credit.
- Article 6.4 market mechanism provides an independant grievance course of (+)
- Finance has all the time been a key difficulty, developed international locations failed to fulfill $100bn goal by 2020, however prone to attain this in 2023. “UN committee to report subsequent yr on progress in the direction of delivering the $100 billion, and proposes authorities ministers meet in 2022, 2024 and 2026 to debate local weather finance.” ABC
Listed below are some doc change comparisons between model 2 and model 3:
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Article 6.4 carbon market: Independant Grievance course of included |
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Draft CMA choice to replace NDC and 2030 targets |
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Draft CMA choice on phaseout of coal and fossil gasoline subsidies (1st time coal, FF included in COP choice) |
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Draft CMA choice – drops help for Glasgow Lass and Harm facility |
Nonetheless waiting- offers are being stitched up on the ground #COP26
Ministers huddling – US John Kerry entrance and heart, with EU lead.
New Zealand Minister Shaw additionally energetic in venue.
One other reminder Australia’s Ministers aren’t right here… (busy defending fuel and coal at house) pic.twitter.com/VfDXLRBnmo
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
The local weather envoys of the 2 largest greenhouse fuel emitters, US & China, check with each other earlier than a serious assembly right here at #COP26 that was delayed by three hours.
John Kerry and Xie Zhenhua have recognized one another for twenty years. | through @piaranada pic.twitter.com/pCC9aXlKQz
— Rappler (@rapplerdotcom) November 13, 2021
HAPPENING NOW: Civil society is holding the purple line exterior the ultimate #COP26 plenary demanding wealthy international locations cease devastating our possibilities of addressing the #ClimateEmergency: cease fossil gasoline manufacturing, decide to loss & injury, and pay your fair proportion of local weather finance now. pic.twitter.com/oxvHh4NHYE
— Ben Goloff (@benjamingoloff) November 13, 2021
China: Para 36 is the fossil gasoline line – they ask the language mirror that of the G20 choice and US-China pact. Appears like a point out on ff subsidies at the least might stay? #COP26 pic.twitter.com/885wTwhICA
— Madeleine Cuff (@MadeleineCuff) November 13, 2021
China: “The textual content confirmed to be acceptable” #COP26 @COP26 “Has been up to date with moderation and pragmatism”. “However artwork. 22 could be extra correct” “And artwork. 36 ought to observe joint ##USA– #China declaration”
— Antonio Piemontese (@apiemontese) November 13, 2021
Ohhhhhhh – at #COP26 India in no way pleased with choices textual content, kicks off about inclusion of phasing out of #coalpower & #fossilfuel subsidies, additionally criticises requirement to come back again and submit stronger NDCs extra usually than each 5 years – says consensus “stays elusive”
— Megan Rowling (@meganrowling) November 13, 2021
Fiji, Antigua & Barbuda and Marshall Islands have backed within the bundle and confirmed they can’t depart right here with nothing
The textual content represents ‘actual progress and that’s what we’d like’ says Marshalls lead #COP26 pic.twitter.com/IrJd9kXPYp
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
Fiji the draft is riddled with holes and now we have been requested to simply accept failure on finance for #LossAndDamage on the understanding that we are going to ship a finance facility at #COP27
An enormous quantity of labor nonetheless must be completed to get us on monitor to ship extra than simply phrases!— ColinMcQuistan (Nonetheless carrying a masks) (@ColinMcQuistan) November 13, 2021
Bolivia, tackling the #ClimateEmergency is about engaged on poverty discount, it is about engaged on historic duties, what’s being supplied right here at #COP26 within the choice textual content, is about reinforcing the dependency of the growing world on the worldwide north pic.twitter.com/rMn2HX43Fg
— ColinMcQuistan (Nonetheless carrying a masks) (@ColinMcQuistan) November 13, 2021
Bolivia:
-we refuse to get trapped in carbon-colonialism, by which solely developed international locations can transfer safely to a low-carbon transition, creating extra dependencies for growing international locations
-climate debt nonetheless must be paid— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Reupping this as a result of Bolivia for Like-Minded Creating International locations is blasting “carbon colonialism” of wealthy nations, their net-zero targets for 2050 as a cop-out on emissions cuts and failure to fulfill #ClimateFinance guarantees – they’re “making an attempt to assemble new guidelines of the sport” https://t.co/MzjTny54tj
— Megan Rowling (@meganrowling) November 13, 2021
Local weather weak nations (Tuvalu, Antigua& Barbuda, Fiji, Marshall Islands) coming in to clarify: It is a PACKAGE that may get us on the precise path – it’s not good (notably on #LossAndDamage) nevertheless it’s PROGRESS
RMI: are we keen to depart this COP w/o an consequence?— Jennifer Tollmann (@jennytollmann) November 13, 2021
EIG (Switzerland):
-we are involved we’re leaving this COP with most events sad
-COP has been un-inclusive and un-transparent
-why was possibility A in transparency modified in a single day
-would have had a greater consequence when negotiating with events as a substitute of with the presidency— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Costa Rica on the present #COP26 deal:
“We don’t have the proper bundle, however now we have the potential bundle”
— Laurie Goering (@lauriegoering) November 13, 2021
CR: necessary to agree on a steadiness throughout many areas.
Progress in lots of. Not good however we are able to love with it.
A6 is just not optimum however what we might agree.
Will work with San Jose coalition to make sure highest integrity. In spirit of compromise we welcome bundle because it it.— Tennant Reed (@TennantReed) November 13, 2021
Now as #COP26 is coming to an finish, watch out for a tsunami of greenwashing and media spin to one way or the other body the end result as “good”, “progress”, “hopeful” or “a step in the precise route”.
— Greta Thunberg (@GretaThunberg) November 13, 2021
Australia (Ambassador Jaime Isbister) takes flooring
Can settle for current textual content! 👏
Certified in fact – to ‘unabated’ coal part out and ‘inefficient’ fossil fuels. pic.twitter.com/plOg4zmP0r
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
Australia scrambling to determine methods to reframe its fossil gasoline subsidies as “environment friendly” #COP26
— Ketan Joshi (@KetanJ0) November 13, 2021
Australia’s Setting ambassador Jamie Isbister says Australia accepts the present draft textual content at #COP26
However this isn’t the top recreation – there have been a number of objections from numerous international locations within the room as we speak.
Australia says it appears to be like ahead to seeing this finish as we speak. pic.twitter.com/Mwgj6SW05O
— Freya Cole (@freya_cole) November 13, 2021
Australia:
-this was an ambition COP
-we settle for the textual content
-carbon markets have to have integrity, be clear
-Australia will double its local weather finance
-we have delivered on what now we have come to do pic.twitter.com/kB29IYPsgl— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
United States, been very energetic at #COP26, confirming ‘this has been a great negotiation’
Calling on the ability of the primary couple of days, all of the commitments from leaders, and that this ‘raises ambition’ and asks ‘everybody to be a part of the method’ pic.twitter.com/suxKEfdlYK
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
United States:
-look ahead to dialogue on Loss & Harm and contribute to its success
-To our buddy from Gabon: I can guarantee you and others that each effort can be made to double adaptation finance + take care of the problem of adaptation— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Australia says it should settle for deal at #cop26 that features a name for “accelerating efforts in the direction of the phase-out of unabated coal
energy and inefficient fossil gasoline subsidies.”— Karl Mathiesen (@KarlMathiesen) November 13, 2021
“We’re poised to make a exceptional step right here,” says @ClimateEnvoy John Kerry tells delegates at #COP26. “Not all people will get to make decisions that really have an effect on a complete planet. We listed here are privileged as we speak to do precisely that.” #Glasgow #climatechange
— David Fogarty (@FogartyClimate) November 13, 2021
Maldives:
-difference between 1.5 and a couple of levels is a dying sentence for us— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Highly effective phrases by the Maldives simply now at #COP26
“The world has 98 months to halve emissions and if we don’t it’s a dying sentence.”
— Freya Cole (@freya_cole) November 13, 2021
I’ve by no means felt unhappy listening to interventions at a COP till now. The international locations most weak to local weather change have to simply accept a nasty deal because the disaster is so nice that, for them, one thing is healthier than nothing.
A “balanced” textual content to carry upright imbalanced energy. pic.twitter.com/jERfZiPOwN
— Seán McCabe (@SeanMacCaba) November 13, 2021
Nigeria:
-support interventions from SA and India regarding para 36 [on coal phase out]— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Japan:
-this COP is about to supply super outcomes
-Japan commits to double its help from earlier ranges
-this is usually a courageous new begin— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
I: let’s do higher subsequent time and the time after that. Help the textual content
— Tennant Reed (@TennantReed) November 13, 2021
Essentially the most local weather weak international locations are being compelled into accepting the ultimate textual content (regardless of not together with all their calls for) as one thing is healthier than nothing in addressing the local weather emergency they’re dealing with.
How is that this the state of play on the twenty sixth COP? 😔#cop26 https://t.co/7vig5V6CpS
— Jess Cooke🌍♻️🌳 (@JessCooke21) November 13, 2021
Ukraine:
-6.4 is just not reflecting what we requested for, however will settle for the Glasgow bundle— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Ukraine: all events ought to have entry to six.4 in transitional interval. Depart dissatisfied. However so are many, hopeful we are able to work collectively, we settle for bundle and hope others can too
— Tennant Reed (@TennantReed) November 13, 2021
Trinidad and Tobago: We have now all spent important political capital to be right here within the midst of a world pandemic. We can’t depart empty handed, we’re ready to simply accept the texts even when some may very well be stronger.
— Earth Negotiations Bulletin (@IISD_ENB) November 13, 2021
Trinidad & Tobago:
– we’re not ready to depart empty-handed
-we have to seize the progress made right here
-Loss & Harm, consequence may very well be stronger
-Carbon markets may very well be extra sturdy
-It is time to shut the Paris Rulebook, let’s undertake this bundle— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
So – even Australia’s current extremely suspect and controversial local weather modelling (not internet zero, however 85% drop) exhibits coal energy falling to 0 by 2050.
The issue: it must fall to 0 by 2030, to align with 1.5c and make economic system large internet zero even remotely potential. https://t.co/rmnnMqKYfk
— Ketan Joshi (@KetanJ0) November 13, 2021
Iran:
-not pleased with Artwork.6
-not pleased with para on fossil gasoline part out— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Cuba:
-not pleased with textual content, ought to have retained Frequent however Differentiated Obligations + extra dedication from developed international locations
-No actual steadiness of the doc
-in spirit of compromise will settle for the textual content— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
New Zealand helps the textual content, though says he doubts that it’ll maintain international temperature rise to 1.5 levels.
— Earth Negotiations Bulletin (@IISD_ENB) November 13, 2021
Venezuela:
-inclusion of Artwork.3.5 of conference [unilateral measures] ought to be moved to preamble & embody measures on commerce and subsidies
-subsidies for fossil fuels aren’t a taboo in Venezuela
-However, Venezuela is ready to indicate flexibility, however our concern ought to be recorded— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Kyrgyzstan:
-pleased to see rise in adaptation finance— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
J: we don’t have time for embellishments, should begin performing this minute. J is among the many most impacted international locations, with inhabitants enhance by way of compelled displacement. A lot to do re adaptation, finance, L&D. Let’s begin as we speak, undertake these outcomes, [email protected] good religion and intentions
— Tennant Reed (@TennantReed) November 13, 2021
#Guatemala: “We all the time have a alternative. The glas is half empty or half full – I select it to be half full. Central America can also be affected by local weather change. However there is no such thing as a place on earth not impacted. Why do now we have such a tough time to hear to at least one one other? We settle for #COP26
— Friederike Hartz (@frhartz) November 13, 2021
@AlokSharma_RDG closes the #informalstocktake saying that they may proceed to work on the issues raised. However he urges that the balanced compromise shouldn’t be jeopardised. He proposes a closing plenary which is able to begin very shortly #COP26
— Friederike Hartz (@frhartz) November 13, 2021
naming of #COP26 consequence really displays principal difficulty confronted in Glasgow
Most weak international locations & @TheCVF referred to as for adoption of “Local weather Emergency Pact” at #COP26… Last consequence can be referred to as “Glasgow Local weather Pact!” – illustrating that lacking is exactly sense of emergency pic.twitter.com/FFULceOnLc— Sébastien Duyck 🌍⚖️ (@duycks) November 13, 2021
“Creating international locations’ proposal to arrange a mechanism to mobilise and channel cash to weak individuals has been brushed apart by the wealthy nations, notably the US, Australia, Japan and the European Union.” (2/3)#PayUp4LossAndDamage #COP26
— Harjeet Singh (@harjeet11) November 13, 2021
#COP26: Whereas the deal recognises want for deep emissions cuts this decade, these commitments are punted to subsequent yr. Younger individuals who’ve come of age within the local weather disaster received’t tolerate many extra outcomes like this. Why ought to they after they’re combating for his or her futures?
/2
— Jennifer Morgan (@climatemorgan) November 13, 2021
The #COP26 closing plenary is ACTUALLY beginning now (we’re 7.5 hours in individuals..)
— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
India:
asking to vary language to “part down” coal as a substitute of “part out”— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
EU:
-EU would have wished to go even additional than the preliminary textual content on coal, it is a consequence of our personal painful expertise with coal
-European wealth was construct on coal, however sooner or later European dying can be construct on coal— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Mexico:
-fully aligns with Switzerland and EIG
-have been absolutely sidelined on this course of
-have been informed couldn’t reopen the textual content— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Fiji:
-we have been informed 2 days in the past that we couldn’t add Loss & Harm language as a result of it was “final minute”, now new language on coal has been added 2 minutes earlier than adoption of the textual content
-a “phase-down” has no demonstrable measures to observe the top of coal— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
India proposal
KEEPS IN GETTING RID OF COAL within the COP textual content
‘part down unabated coal energy’
‘part out inefficient fossil gasoline subsidies’#COP26Glasgow
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
The EU has its say
‘Coal has no future’ confirms EU lead Frans Timmerman
‘The longer you’re taking to eliminate coal, the extra burden you placed on our pure setting and in your economic system, its not a wise financial proposition’.#COP26Glasgow pic.twitter.com/mfmlhhb58d
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
There’s (very rightly) a pile on given the final minute change from small island states and the Environmental Integrity Group (led by Swiss)
That s the what occurs when G20 international locations need modifications.
Its the tough reality of geopolitics.
However the finish is in sight #COP26
— Richie Merzian (@RichieMerzian) November 13, 2021
Sharma in tears:
-I’m actually sorry about how this course of has unfolded
-It is usually important that we efficiently conclude this bundle— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
“Our land is quick disappearing. Tuvalu is actually sinking. We should take motion – now.”
Extremely highly effective speech from Tuvalu’s @SPaeniu to COP26 – let’s hope the world listens pic.twitter.com/8Apoft0kvw
— Greenpeace UK (@GreenpeaceUK) November 12, 2021
gavling by way of CMA gadgets on Article 6 now .. cheers in lots of corners of plenary.. US tapping one another on the again
— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Whereas adoption of CMP continues to be ongoing, US delegation is already cheering and chatting within the nook – they’re very pleased with the article 6 consequence
— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Adaptation choices adopted. Features a two yr work programme on the worldwide objective on adaptation.
Maldives:
-we welcome this, proud to have co-facilitated this with Spain
-Maldives proposes launch workshop for work programme— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Egypt:
-I welcome Maldives’ announcement to hos the first workshop of the Glasgow-Sharm El Sheikh workshop, Egypt want to host the 2nd workshops— Arthur Wyns (@ArthurWyns) November 13, 2021
Pledges made at COP26 nonetheless depart the world on monitor for over 2°C of warming, and so success is determined by these commitments and actions being quickly scaled up within the wake of Glasgow.
— Local weather Council (@climatecouncil) November 13, 2021
“The federal authorities confirmed up empty-handed to a pivotal second within the combat for our future. They’ve let down our Pacific neighbours, in addition to Australians who don’t need to endure extra frequent and extreme bushfires, floods, droughts and heatwaves,” Dr Bradshaw mentioned.
— Local weather Council (@climatecouncil) November 13, 2021
BREAKING: #COP26 is over.
We now have ‘The Glasgow Pact’ which pressures international locations to strengthen 2030 local weather targets – together with Aus- by subsequent yr.
For the primary time in 26 years COP summits, there’s a particular name to maneuver past coal and part out fossil gasoline subsidies.
— Local weather Council (@climatecouncil) November 13, 2021
[MEDIA RELEASE]
For the primary time in 26 years of COP summits, there’s a particular name to maneuver past coal energy and part out fossil gasoline subsidies.The brand new pact locations huge stress on Aus to step up its efforts in the course of the essential years forward.https://t.co/nktVYLDCIe
— Local weather Council (@climatecouncil) November 13, 2021